Weight Loss Home Remedy By Shahzad Malik
Signs and Symptoms of Weight Gain
Weight Loss Home Remedy
If you've ever noticed your pants feeling a little bit tighter, or your shirt becoming more snug around your stomach, chances are you're gaining weight. Although minor fluctuations of 1 to 2 pounds per day are normal in most people, a consistent rise in weight for an extended period of time is a cause for concern.
Causes of Obesity or Weight Gain
The most common cause of weight gain is consuming too much fat and not doing enough exercise to burn off the excess calories. What typically leads us to gain weight and become obese are imbalances in the mind and body:
Physical Imbalance: stored toxins in our digestive tract can drain our energy and cause us to eat stimulating foods such as sugar that can lead to weight gain.
Nutritional Imbalance: eating foods that don't provide the body with the essential nutrients that it needs to function optimally.
Mental and Emotional Imbalance: indulging in excess food is often used to overcome uncomfortable feelings in our daily lives, such as stress and anxiety.
By correcting these imbalances, researchers believe that we can naturally make better food choices that can prevent us from gaining weight. Unfortunately, most methods of losing weight include the use of drugs or surgery that decrease our appetite, block fat absorption, or reduce the volume of our stomach. However, all of these treatments can have serious side-effects. Fortunately a set of simple home remedies and natural foods can help us achieve this balance and even promote weight loss, without the negative side effects.
Other less common reasons for weight gain include the following:
A genetic predisposition to store excess calories as fat.
Dieting, which slows our metabolism since the body thinks it is starving, causing us to easily gain weight when we begin eating again.
Medications, such as birth control pills or anti-depressants, are known to cause weight gain.
Fluid retention, which can be caused by heart, liver, or kidney disease. This sort of weight gain requires the attention of a doctor.
Home Remedies and Natural Treatments for Weight Loss
Lose Weight Using Apple Cider Vinegar
Many people have found that Apple Cider Vinegar is a wonderful natural remedy for weight loss. Some research suggests that apple cider vinegar increase our metabolism, which helps us burn more calories even when we are resting. Therefore a simple weight loss home remedy is the following:
Mix 2 teaspoons of organic apple cider vinegar to 16 oz. of water.
Take a few sips of this mixture throughout the day (don't drink it all at once).
Weight Loss Using Evening Primrose Oil
Similar to Apple Cider Vinegar, Evening Primrose Oil can help stimulate our metabolism and cause our body to burn more calories. Therefore, a simple remedy to promote weight loss is to take a capsule of Evening Primrose Oil once per day followed by a daily 20-minute cardiovascular exercise routine.
Green Tea and Caffeine
Research has found that the combination of Green Tea and Caffeine can help to boost our metabolism as well as help to suppress our appetites. Therefore, an effective remedy for weight loss is to take a Green Tea supplement which contains 50mg of Caffeine and 90mg of EGCG (the active ingredient in Green Tea) three times per day (once before each meal). Combine this with a 30-minute exercise routine three times per week (10 minutes of light weights followed by 20 minutes of cardio). There is some evidence that suggests individuals can lose up to 2.5 pounds per week using this combination of exercise and supplements.
Drinking Fruit Smoothies to Promote Weight Loss
A daily fruit smoothie for breakfast is a fantastic way to restore balance and promote weight loss. By choosing the right ingredients, you can easily create a drink which provides a total infusion of essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, and fatty acids that also tastes delicious and prevents food cravings.
An excellent smoothie can be created by mixing the following ingredients in a blender until smooth:
1 cup of rice milk
1 cup of soy milk
1 cup of orange juice
1 banana
4 strawberries (fresh or frozen)
1 tablespoon of aloe juice
1 tablespoon of concentrated black cherry juice
1 teaspoon of raw, organic bee pollen
1 tablespoon of flaxseed oil
Feel free to experiment with the proportions, or add any additional fruits, juices, or other nutrient-rich ingredients.
Exercise to Promote Weight Loss
One of the best ways to promote weight loss is by becoming active and exercising for at least 30 minutes per day. Brisk walking, jogging, biking, or using indoor machines such as elliptical bikes are excellent ways to burn off excess calories. Adding some weight training to your exercise routine is also highly recommended, since increasing muscle mass helps to increase our metabolism, which allows us to burn more calories while we are at rest. Regular exercise also helps to reduce stress and depression, which are both common causes of weight gain.
Note: if you have not exercised regularly for a while, it is best to consult your doctor before beginning a new
training program.
Fat Burning Furnace
A new web-based weight loss program called the Fat Burning Furnace offers a diet plan, coaching program, and exercise routine that only requires 45 minutes per week. The author claims to have personally lost 42 pounds using these techniques, so it might be worth checking out. Click here to find out more about this weight loss program.
Saturday 26 March 2016
10 Natural Depression Treatments By R. Morgan Griffin
10 Natural Depression Treatments By R. Morgan Griffin
Being depressed can make you feel helpless. You're not. Along with therapy and sometimes medication, there's a lot you can do on your own to fight back. Changing your behavior -- your physical activity, lifestyle, and even your way of thinking -- are all natural depression treatments.
These tips can help you feel better -- starting right now.
1. Get in a routine. If you’re depressed, you need a routine, says Ian Cook, MD. He's a psychiatrist and director of the Depression Research and Clinic Program at UCLA.
Depression can strip away the structure from your life. One day melts into the next. Setting a gentle daily schedule can help you get back on track.
2.Set goals. When you're depressed, you may feel like you can't accomplish anything. That makes you feel worse about yourself. To push back, set daily goals for yourself.
"Start very small," Cook says. "Make your goal something that you can succeed at, like doing the dishes every other day."
As you start to feel better, you can add more challenging daily goals.
3. Exercise. It temporarily boosts feel-good chemicals called endorphins. It may also have long-term benefits for people with depression. Regular exercise seems to encourage the brain to rewire itself in positive ways, Cook says.
How much exercise do you need? You don’t need to run marathons to get a benefit. Just walking a few times a week can help.
4. Eat healthy. There is no magic diet that fixes depression. It's a good idea to watch what you eat, though. If depression tends to make you overeat, getting in control of your eating will help you feel better.
Although nothing is definitive, Cook says there's evidence that foods with omega-3 fatty acids (such as salmon and tuna) and folic acid (such as spinach and avocado) could help ease depression.
5. Get enough sleep. Depression can make it hard to get enough shut-eye, and too little sleep can make depression worse.
What can you do? Start by making some changes to your lifestyle. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. Try not to nap. Take all the distractions out of your bedroom -- no computer and no TV. In time, you may find your sleep improves.
6. Take on responsibilities. When you’re depressed, you may want to pull back from life and give up your responsibilities at home and at work. Don't. Staying involved and having daily responsibilities can help you maintain a lifestyle that can help counter depression. They ground you and give you a sense of accomplishment.
If you're not up to full-time school or work, that’s fine. Think about part-time. If that seems like too much, consider volunteer work.
7. Challenge negative thoughts. In your fight against depression, a lot of the work is mental -- changing how you think. When you're depressed, you leap to the worst possible conclusions.
The next time you're feeling terrible about yourself, use logic as a natural depression treatment. You might feel like no one likes you, but is there real evidence for that? You might feel like the most worthless person on the planet, but is that really likely? It takes practice, but in time you can beat back those negative thoughts before they get out of control.
8. Check with your doctor before using supplements. "There's promising evidence for certain supplements for depression," Cook says. Those include fish oil, folic acid, and SAMe. But more research needs to be done before we'll know for sure. Always check with your doctor before starting any supplement, especially if you’re already taking medications.
9. Do something new. When you’re depressed, you’re in a rut. Push yourself to do something different. Go to a museum. Pick up a used book and read it on a park bench. Volunteer at a soup kitchen. Take a language class.
"When we challenge ourselves to do something different, there are chemical changes in the brain," Cook says. "Trying something new alters the levels of [the brain chemical] dopamine, which is associated with pleasure, enjoyment, and learning."
10. Try to have fun. If you’re depressed, make time for things you enjoy. What if nothing seems fun anymore? "That's just a symptom of depression," Cook says. You have to keep trying anyway.
Being depressed can make you feel helpless. You're not. Along with therapy and sometimes medication, there's a lot you can do on your own to fight back. Changing your behavior -- your physical activity, lifestyle, and even your way of thinking -- are all natural depression treatments.
These tips can help you feel better -- starting right now.
1. Get in a routine. If you’re depressed, you need a routine, says Ian Cook, MD. He's a psychiatrist and director of the Depression Research and Clinic Program at UCLA.
Depression can strip away the structure from your life. One day melts into the next. Setting a gentle daily schedule can help you get back on track.
2.Set goals. When you're depressed, you may feel like you can't accomplish anything. That makes you feel worse about yourself. To push back, set daily goals for yourself.
"Start very small," Cook says. "Make your goal something that you can succeed at, like doing the dishes every other day."
As you start to feel better, you can add more challenging daily goals.
3. Exercise. It temporarily boosts feel-good chemicals called endorphins. It may also have long-term benefits for people with depression. Regular exercise seems to encourage the brain to rewire itself in positive ways, Cook says.
How much exercise do you need? You don’t need to run marathons to get a benefit. Just walking a few times a week can help.
4. Eat healthy. There is no magic diet that fixes depression. It's a good idea to watch what you eat, though. If depression tends to make you overeat, getting in control of your eating will help you feel better.
Although nothing is definitive, Cook says there's evidence that foods with omega-3 fatty acids (such as salmon and tuna) and folic acid (such as spinach and avocado) could help ease depression.
5. Get enough sleep. Depression can make it hard to get enough shut-eye, and too little sleep can make depression worse.
What can you do? Start by making some changes to your lifestyle. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. Try not to nap. Take all the distractions out of your bedroom -- no computer and no TV. In time, you may find your sleep improves.
6. Take on responsibilities. When you’re depressed, you may want to pull back from life and give up your responsibilities at home and at work. Don't. Staying involved and having daily responsibilities can help you maintain a lifestyle that can help counter depression. They ground you and give you a sense of accomplishment.
If you're not up to full-time school or work, that’s fine. Think about part-time. If that seems like too much, consider volunteer work.
7. Challenge negative thoughts. In your fight against depression, a lot of the work is mental -- changing how you think. When you're depressed, you leap to the worst possible conclusions.
The next time you're feeling terrible about yourself, use logic as a natural depression treatment. You might feel like no one likes you, but is there real evidence for that? You might feel like the most worthless person on the planet, but is that really likely? It takes practice, but in time you can beat back those negative thoughts before they get out of control.
8. Check with your doctor before using supplements. "There's promising evidence for certain supplements for depression," Cook says. Those include fish oil, folic acid, and SAMe. But more research needs to be done before we'll know for sure. Always check with your doctor before starting any supplement, especially if you’re already taking medications.
9. Do something new. When you’re depressed, you’re in a rut. Push yourself to do something different. Go to a museum. Pick up a used book and read it on a park bench. Volunteer at a soup kitchen. Take a language class.
"When we challenge ourselves to do something different, there are chemical changes in the brain," Cook says. "Trying something new alters the levels of [the brain chemical] dopamine, which is associated with pleasure, enjoyment, and learning."
10. Try to have fun. If you’re depressed, make time for things you enjoy. What if nothing seems fun anymore? "That's just a symptom of depression," Cook says. You have to keep trying anyway.
20 simple tips to be happy now By Dr. Timothy Sharp
20 simple tips to be happy now By Dr. Timothy Sharp
Author of “The Happiness Handbook” Founder of The Happiness Institute
Introduction
This e-Book is based on Dr. Sharp’s popular publication “The Happiness Handbook”. Each of the tips listed here is described in more detail in this book, which also has a series of accompanying workbooks.
.
This e-Book is also based on the following philosophy:
ƒ
Happiness is the ultimate purpose in life
ƒ
Happiness is achievable, for all of us
ƒ
Happiness is determined more by our minds than by our circumstances
ƒ
The disciplines that will lead to and enhance happiness (such as helpful thinking and good
habits) can be learned and mastered, with practice.
Tip 1
Make happiness a priority.
If happiness is not at the
top of your list then other
things will take precedence.
If other things take precedenc
e, they may well interfere
with your efforts to feel good.
Tip 2
Make plans to be happy.
Those who fail to plan, plan
to fail. Just like in any
other life domain,
the successful
pursuit of happiness requires planning.
Tip 3
Set happy goals.
Following on from Tip 2, planning
requires effective goal setting. And don’t forget to
make sure your goals are SMART (specific,
measurable, achievable, relevant and timed).
Tip 4
Do things that make you happy.
Although this
sounds obvious, many people simple forget to do
things from which they gain pleasure. And do them as
often as possible.
Tip 5
Set yourself tasks from which you’ll gain
satisfaction.
As well as pleasure and enjoyment,
satisfaction is also an impo
rtant part of happiness. So
make sure that when you’re planning your tasks and
activities you include things
that might not be fun, but
from which you’ll gain a sense of achievement.
Tip 6
Play and have fun.
Don’t take life too seriously.
Although we all have responsib
ilities there’s no reason
why we can’t approach much of our lives in a playful
manner. In fact, those who do so will undoubtedly be
happier.
Tip 7
Identify where your strengths lie.
Know where your
faults and weaknesses are to avoid problems. Know
where your strengths lie to be really happy and to
succeed in life.
Tip 8
Utilise your strengths.
Although we all can and
should endeavour to improve
in areas in which we’re
weak there’s just as much
, if not more, to be gained
from focusing on the maximal utilisation of your
strengths (including all your positive qualities and
attributes).
Author of “The Happiness Handbook” Founder of The Happiness Institute
Introduction
This e-Book is based on Dr. Sharp’s popular publication “The Happiness Handbook”. Each of the tips listed here is described in more detail in this book, which also has a series of accompanying workbooks.
.
This e-Book is also based on the following philosophy:
ƒ
Happiness is the ultimate purpose in life
ƒ
Happiness is achievable, for all of us
ƒ
Happiness is determined more by our minds than by our circumstances
ƒ
The disciplines that will lead to and enhance happiness (such as helpful thinking and good
habits) can be learned and mastered, with practice.
Tip 1
Make happiness a priority.
If happiness is not at the
top of your list then other
things will take precedence.
If other things take precedenc
e, they may well interfere
with your efforts to feel good.
Tip 2
Make plans to be happy.
Those who fail to plan, plan
to fail. Just like in any
other life domain,
the successful
pursuit of happiness requires planning.
Tip 3
Set happy goals.
Following on from Tip 2, planning
requires effective goal setting. And don’t forget to
make sure your goals are SMART (specific,
measurable, achievable, relevant and timed).
Tip 4
Do things that make you happy.
Although this
sounds obvious, many people simple forget to do
things from which they gain pleasure. And do them as
often as possible.
Tip 5
Set yourself tasks from which you’ll gain
satisfaction.
As well as pleasure and enjoyment,
satisfaction is also an impo
rtant part of happiness. So
make sure that when you’re planning your tasks and
activities you include things
that might not be fun, but
from which you’ll gain a sense of achievement.
Tip 6
Play and have fun.
Don’t take life too seriously.
Although we all have responsib
ilities there’s no reason
why we can’t approach much of our lives in a playful
manner. In fact, those who do so will undoubtedly be
happier.
Tip 7
Identify where your strengths lie.
Know where your
faults and weaknesses are to avoid problems. Know
where your strengths lie to be really happy and to
succeed in life.
Tip 8
Utilise your strengths.
Although we all can and
should endeavour to improve
in areas in which we’re
weak there’s just as much
, if not more, to be gained
from focusing on the maximal utilisation of your
strengths (including all your positive qualities and
attributes).
Wednesday 23 March 2016
Names of God in Islam - The 99 names of Allah - أسماء الله الحسنى
The 99 names of Allah (Arabic: أسماء الله الحسنى Asmāʾ Allāh al-Ḥusnā, Beautiful Names of Allah) are the names of God in Islam. They are described in the Quran and Sunnah, among other places.
According to hadith there is a special group of 99 names, but no enumeration of them. Thus the exact list is not agreed upon, and the names of God (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed a total of 99 in the Quran and Sunnah. According to a hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, some of the names of God have also been hidden from mankind.
Arabic Transliteration
الرحمن Ar-Rahman
الرحيم Ar-Rahim
الملك Al-Malik
القدوس Al-Quddus
السلام As-Salam
المؤمن Al-Muʾmin
المهيمن Al-Muhaymin
العزيز Al-Aziz
الجبار Al-Jabbar
المتكبر Al-Mutakabbir
الخالق Al-Khaliq
البارئ Al-Bariʾ
المصور Al-Musawwir
الغفار Al-Ghaffar
القهار Al-Qahhar
الوهاب Al-Wahhab
الرزاق Ar-Razzaq
الفتاح Al-Fattah
العليم Al-ʿAlim
القابض Al-Qabid
الباسط Al-Basit
الخَافِض Al-Khafid
الرافع Ar-Rafiʿ
المعز Al-Muʿizz
المذل Al-Muzill
السميع As-Sami'
البصير Al-Basir
الحكم Al-Hakam
العدل Al-ʿAdl
اللطيف Al-Latif
الخبير Al-Khabir
الحليم Al-Halim
العظيم Al-ʿAzim
الغفور Al-Ghafur
الشكور Ash-Shakur
العلي Al-ʿAlī
الكبير Al-Kabir
الحفيظ Al-Hafiz
المقيت Al-Muqit
الحسيب Al-Hasib
الجليل Al-Jalil
الكريم Al-Karim
الرقيب Ar-Raqib
المجيب Al-Mujib
الواسع Al-Wasiʿ
الحكيم Al-Hakim
الودود Al-Wadud
المجيد Al-Majid
الباعث Al-Baʿith
الشهيد Ash-Shahid
الحق Al-Haqq
الوكيل Al-Wakil
القوي Al-Qawiy
المتين Al-Matin
الولي Al-Wali
الحميد Al-Hamid
المحصي Al-Muhsi
المبدئ Al-Mubdiʾ
المعيد Al-Muʿid
المحيي Al-Muhyi
المميت Al-Mumit
الحي Al-Hayy
القيوم Al-Qayyum
الواجد Al-Wajid
الماجد Al-Majid
الواحد Al-Wahid
الاحد Al-Ahad
الصمد As-Samad
القادر Al-Qadir
المقتدر Al-Muqtadir
المقدم Al-Muqaddim
المؤخر Al-Muʾakhkhir
الأول Al-Awwal
الأخر Al-Aakhir
الظاهر Az-Zahir
الباطن Al-Batin
الوالي Al-Wali
المتعالي Al-Mutaʿali
البر Al-Barr
التواب At-Tawwab
المنتقم Al-Muntaqim
العفو Al-ʿAfu
الرؤوف Ar-Raʾuf
مالك الملك Malik-ul-Mulk
ذو الجلال والإكرام Zul-Jalali
wal-Ikram
المقسط Al-Muqsit
الجامع Al-Jamiʿ
الغني Al-Ghani
المغني Al-Mughni
المانع Al-Maniʿ
الضار Ad-Darr
النافع An-Nafiʿ
النور An-Nur
الهادي Al-Hadi
البديع Al-Badiʿ
الباقي Al-Baqi
الوارث Al-Warith
الرشيد Ar-Rashid
الصبور As-Sabur
According to hadith there is a special group of 99 names, but no enumeration of them. Thus the exact list is not agreed upon, and the names of God (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed a total of 99 in the Quran and Sunnah. According to a hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, some of the names of God have also been hidden from mankind.
Arabic Transliteration
الرحمن Ar-Rahman
الرحيم Ar-Rahim
الملك Al-Malik
القدوس Al-Quddus
السلام As-Salam
المؤمن Al-Muʾmin
المهيمن Al-Muhaymin
العزيز Al-Aziz
الجبار Al-Jabbar
المتكبر Al-Mutakabbir
الخالق Al-Khaliq
البارئ Al-Bariʾ
المصور Al-Musawwir
الغفار Al-Ghaffar
القهار Al-Qahhar
الوهاب Al-Wahhab
الرزاق Ar-Razzaq
الفتاح Al-Fattah
العليم Al-ʿAlim
القابض Al-Qabid
الباسط Al-Basit
الخَافِض Al-Khafid
الرافع Ar-Rafiʿ
المعز Al-Muʿizz
المذل Al-Muzill
السميع As-Sami'
البصير Al-Basir
الحكم Al-Hakam
العدل Al-ʿAdl
اللطيف Al-Latif
الخبير Al-Khabir
الحليم Al-Halim
العظيم Al-ʿAzim
الغفور Al-Ghafur
الشكور Ash-Shakur
العلي Al-ʿAlī
الكبير Al-Kabir
الحفيظ Al-Hafiz
المقيت Al-Muqit
الحسيب Al-Hasib
الجليل Al-Jalil
الكريم Al-Karim
الرقيب Ar-Raqib
المجيب Al-Mujib
الواسع Al-Wasiʿ
الحكيم Al-Hakim
الودود Al-Wadud
المجيد Al-Majid
الباعث Al-Baʿith
الشهيد Ash-Shahid
الحق Al-Haqq
الوكيل Al-Wakil
القوي Al-Qawiy
المتين Al-Matin
الولي Al-Wali
الحميد Al-Hamid
المحصي Al-Muhsi
المبدئ Al-Mubdiʾ
المعيد Al-Muʿid
المحيي Al-Muhyi
المميت Al-Mumit
الحي Al-Hayy
القيوم Al-Qayyum
الواجد Al-Wajid
الماجد Al-Majid
الواحد Al-Wahid
الاحد Al-Ahad
الصمد As-Samad
القادر Al-Qadir
المقتدر Al-Muqtadir
المقدم Al-Muqaddim
المؤخر Al-Muʾakhkhir
الأول Al-Awwal
الأخر Al-Aakhir
الظاهر Az-Zahir
الباطن Al-Batin
الوالي Al-Wali
المتعالي Al-Mutaʿali
البر Al-Barr
التواب At-Tawwab
المنتقم Al-Muntaqim
العفو Al-ʿAfu
الرؤوف Ar-Raʾuf
مالك الملك Malik-ul-Mulk
ذو الجلال والإكرام Zul-Jalali
wal-Ikram
المقسط Al-Muqsit
الجامع Al-Jamiʿ
الغني Al-Ghani
المغني Al-Mughni
المانع Al-Maniʿ
الضار Ad-Darr
النافع An-Nafiʿ
النور An-Nur
الهادي Al-Hadi
البديع Al-Badiʿ
الباقي Al-Baqi
الوارث Al-Warith
الرشيد Ar-Rashid
الصبور As-Sabur
Al Asma Ul Husna 99 names of Allah
| 1 | الرَّحْمَنُ | Ar-Rahmaan | The Beneficent |
| 2 | الرَّحِيمُ | Ar-Raheem | The Merciful |
| 3 | الْمَلِكُ | Al-Malik | The Eternal Lord |
| 4 | الْقُدُّوسُ | Al-Quddus | The Most Sacred |
| 5 | السَّلاَمُ | As-Salam | The Embodiment of Peace |
| 6 | الْمُؤْمِنُ | Al-Mu’min | The Infuser of Faith |
| 7 | الْمُهَيْمِنُ | Al-Muhaymin | The Preserver of Safety |
| 8 | الْعَزِيزُ | Al-Aziz | The Mighty One |
| 9 | الْجَبَّارُ | Al-Jabbar | The Omnipotent One |
| 10 | الْمُتَكَبِّرُ | Al-Mutakabbir | The Dominant One |
| 11 | الْخَالِقُ | Al-Khaaliq | The Creator |
| 12 | الْبَارِئُ | Al-Baari | The Evolver |
| 13 | الْمُصَوِّرُ | Al-Musawwir | The Flawless Shaper |
| 14 | الْغَفَّارُ | Al-Ghaffaar | The Great Forgiver |
| 15 | الْقَهَّارُ | Al-Qahhaar | The All-Prevailing One |
| 16 | الْوَهَّابُ | Al-Wahhab | The Supreme Bestower |
| 17 | الرَّزَّاقُ | Ar-Razzaq | The Total Provider |
| 18 | الْفَتَّاحُ | Al-Fattah | The Supreme Solver |
| 19 | اَلْعَلِيْمُ | Al-Alim | The All-Knowing One |
| 20 | الْقَابِضُ | Al-Qaabid | The Restricting One |
| 21 | الْبَاسِطُ | Al-Baasit | The Extender |
| 22 | الْخَافِضُ | Al-Khaafid | The Reducer |
| 23 | الرَّافِعُ | Ar-Rafi | The Elevating One |
| 24 | الْمُعِزُّ | Al-Mu’izz | The Honourer-Bestower |
| 25 | المُذِلُّ | Al-Muzil | The Abaser |
| 26 | السَّمِيعُ | As-Sami’ | The All-Hearer |
| 27 | الْبَصِيرُ | Al-Baseer | The All-Seeing |
| 28 | الْحَكَمُ | Al-Hakam | The Impartial Judge |
| 29 | الْعَدْلُ | Al-Adl | The Embodiment of Justice |
| 30 | اللَّطِيفُ | Al-Lateef | The Knower of Subtleties |
| 31 | الْخَبِيرُ | Al-Khabeer | The All-Aware One |
| 32 | الْحَلِيمُ | Al-Haleem | The Clement One |
| 33 | الْعَظِيمُ | Al-Azeem | The Magnificent One |
| 34 | الْغَفُورُ | Al-Ghafoor | The Great Forgiver |
| 35 | الشَّكُورُ | Ash-Shakoor | The Acknowledging One |
| 36 | الْعَلِيُّ | Al-Aliyy | The Sublime One |
| 37 | الْكَبِيرُ | Al-Kabeer | The Great One |
| 38 | الْحَفِيظُ | Al-Hafiz | The Guarding One |
| 39 | المُقيِت | Al-Muqeet | The Sustaining One |
| 40 | الْحسِيبُ | Al-Haseeb | The Reckoning One |
| 41 | الْجَلِيلُ | Al-Jaleel | The Majestic One |
| 42 | الْكَرِيمُ | Al-Kareem | The Bountiful One |
| 43 | الرَّقِيبُ | Ar-Raqeeb | The Watchful One |
| 44 | الْمُجِيبُ | Al-Mujeeb | The Responding One |
| 45 | الْوَاسِعُ | Al-Waasi’ | The All-Pervading One |
| 46 | الْحَكِيمُ | Al-Hakeem | The Wise One |
| 47 | الْوَدُودُ | Al-Wadud | The Loving One |
| 48 | الْمَجِيدُ | Al-Majeed | The Glorious One |
| 49 | الْبَاعِثُ | Al-Ba’ith | The Infuser of New Life |
| 50 | الشَّهِيدُ | Ash-Shaheed | The All Observing Witness |
| 51 | الْحَقُّ | Al-Haqq | The Embodiment of Truth |
| 52 | الْوَكِيلُ | Al-Wakeel | The Universal Trustee |
| 53 | الْقَوِيُّ | Al-Qawwiyy | The Strong One |
| 54 | الْمَتِينُ | Al-Mateen | The Firm One |
| 55 | الْوَلِيُّ | Al-Waliyy | The Protecting Associate |
| 56 | الْحَمِيدُ | Al-Hameed | The Sole-Laudable One |
| 57 | الْمُحْصِي | Al-Muhsee | The All-Enumerating One |
| 58 | الْمُبْدِئُ | Al-Mubdi | The Originator |
| 59 | الْمُعِيدُ | Al-Mueed | The Restorer |
| 60 | الْمُحْيِي | Al-Muhyi | The Maintainer of life |
| 61 | اَلْمُمِيتُ | Al-Mumeet | The Inflictor of Death |
| 62 | الْحَيُّ | Al-Hayy | The Eternally Living One |
| 63 | الْقَيُّومُ | Al-Qayyoom | The Self-Subsisting One |
| 64 | الْوَاجِدُ | Al-Waajid | The Pointing One |
| 65 | الْمَاجِدُ | Al-Maajid | The All-Noble One |
| 66 | الْواحِدُ | Al-Waahid | The Only One |
| 67 | اَلاَحَدُ | Al-Ahad | The Sole One |
| 68 | الصَّمَدُ | As-Samad | The Supreme Provider |
| 69 | الْقَادِرُ | Al-Qaadir | The Omnipotent One |
| 70 | الْمُقْتَدِرُ | Al-Muqtadir | The All Authoritative One |
| 71 | الْمُقَدِّمُ | Al-Muqaddim | The Expediting One |
| 72 | الْمُؤَخِّرُ | Al-Mu’akhkhir | The Procrastinator |
| 73 | الأوَّلُ | Al-Awwal | The Very First |
| 74 | الآخِرُ | Al-Akhir | The Infinite Last One |
| 75 | الظَّاهِرُ | Az-Zaahir | The Perceptible |
| 76 | الْبَاطِنُ | Al-Baatin | The Imperceptible |
| 77 | الْوَالِي | Al-Waali | The Holder of Supreme Authority |
| 78 | الْمُتَعَالِي | Al-Muta’ali | The Extremely Exalted One |
| 79 | الْبَرُّ | Al-Barr | The Fountain-Head of Truth |
| 80 | التَّوَابُ | At-Tawwaab | The Ever-Acceptor of Repentance |
| 81 | الْمُنْتَقِمُ | Al-Muntaqim | The Retaliator |
| 82 | العَفُوُّ | Al-Afuww | The Supreme Pardoner |
| 83 | الرَّؤُوفُ | Ar-Ra’oof | The Benign One |
| 84 | مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِ | Maalik-ul-Mulk | The Eternal Possessor of Sovereignty |
| 85 | ذُوالْجَلاَلِ وَالإكْرَامِ | Zul-Jalaali-wal-Ikram | The Possessor of Majesty and Honour |
| 86 | الْمُقْسِطُ | Al-Muqsit | The Just One |
| 87 | الْجَامِعُ | Al-Jaami’ | The Assembler of Scattered Creations |
| 88 | الْغَنِيُّ | Al-Ghaniyy | The Self-Sufficient One |
| 89 | الْمُغْنِي | Al-Mughni | The Bestower of Sufficiency |
| 90 | اَلْمَانِعُ | Al-Maani’ | The Preventer |
| 91 | الضَّارَّ | Ad-Daarr | The Distressor |
| 92 | النَّافِعُ | An-Naafi’ | The Bestower of Benefits |
| 93 | النُّورُ | An-Noor | The Prime Light |
| 94 | الْهَادِي | Al-Haadi | The Provider of Guidance |
| 95 | الْبَدِيعُ | Al-Badi’ | The Unique One |
| 96 | اَلْبَاقِي | Al-Baaqi | The Ever Surviving One |
| 97 | الْوَارِثُ | Al-Waaris | The Eternal Inheritor |
| 98 | الرَّشِيدُ | Ar-Rasheed | The Guide to Path of Rectitude |
| 99 | الصَّبُورُ | As-Saboor | The Extensively Enduring One |
| Name | Transliteration | Meaning | |
Tuesday 15 March 2016
life science types
Affective neuroscience – study of the neural mechanisms of emotion. This interdisciplinary field combines neuroscience with the psychological study of personality, emotion, and mood.
Biocomputers – biocomputers use systems of biologically derived molecules, such as DNA and proteins, to perform computational calculations involving storing, retrieving, and processing data. The development of biocomputers has been made possible by the expanding new science of nanobiotechnology.
Biocontrol –
Encarsia formosa was one of the first biological control agents developed.
bioeffector-method of controlling pests (including insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases) using other living organisms.
Biodynamics – method of organic farming originally developed by Rudolf Steiner that employs what proponents describe as "a holistic understanding of agricultural processes". One of the first sustainable agriculture movements,
Bioelectronics – the electrical state of biological matter significantly affects its structure and function, compare for instance the membrane potential, the signal transduction by neurons, the isoelectric point (IEP) and so on. Micro- and nano-electronic components and devices have increasingly been combined with biological systems like medical implants, biosensors, lab-on-chip devices etc. causing the emergence of this new scientific field.
Bioinformatics – interdisciplinary scientific field that develops methods for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing biological data. A major activity in bioinformatics is to develop software tools to generate useful biological knowledge.
Biomaterials – any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological systems. As a science, biomaterials is about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science.
Biomedical science – healthcare science, also known as biomedical science, is a set of applied sciences applying portions of natural science or formal science, or both, to develop knowledge, interventions, or technology of use in healthcare or public health. Such disciplines as medical microbiology, clinical virology, clinical epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, and biomedical engineering are medical sciences. Explaining physiological mechanisms operating in pathological processes, however, pathophysiology can be regarded as basic science.
Biomedicine – branch of medical science that applies biological and other natural-science principles to clinical practice. Biomedicine is related to the ability of humans to cope with environmental stress. The branch especially applies to biology and physiology.
Biomonitoring – measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds, elements, or their metabolites, in biological substances. Often, these measurements are done in blood and urine.
Biopolymer – polymers produced by living organisms; in other words, they are polymeric biomolecules. Since they are polymers, biopolymers contain monomeric units that are covalently bonded to form larger structures. There are three main classes of biopolymers, classified according to the monomeric units used and the structure of the biopolymer formed: polynucleotides (RNA and DNA), which are long polymers composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers; polypeptides, which are short polymers of amino acids; and polysaccharides, which are often linear bonded polymeric carbohydrate structures.
Cognitive neuroscience – academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.
Computational neuroscience – study of brain function in terms of the information processing properties of the structures that make up the nervous system. It is an interdisciplinary science that links the diverse fields of neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychology with electrical engineering, computer science, mathematics, and physics.
Environmental science – multidisciplinary academic field that integrates physical and biological sciences, (including but not limited to ecology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science, and geography) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
Food science – applied science devoted to the study of food. Activities of food scientists include the development of new food products, design of processes to produce and conserve these foods, choice of packaging materials, shelf-life studies, study of the effects of food on the human body, sensory evaluation of products using panels or potential consumers, as well as microbiological, physical (texture and rheology) and chemical testing.
Genomics – applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes (the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism). The field includes efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research. Research of single genes does not fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genome's networks.
Health sciences – The health sciences are a key branch of the life sciences, comprising all divisions of medicine and medical sciences.
Immunogenetics – Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of medical research that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. Autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are complex genetic traits which result from defects in the immune system. Identification of genes defining the immune defects may identify new target genes for therapeutic approaches. Alternatively, genetic variations can also help to define the immunological pathway leading to disease.
Immunotherapy – Immunotherapy is a medical term defined as the "treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response". Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies.
Kinesiology – Kinesiology, also known as human kinetics, is the scientific study of human movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, mechanical, and psychological mechanisms. Applications of kinesiology to human health include: biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise. Individuals who have earned degrees in kinesiology can work in research, the fitness industry, clinical settings, and in industrial environments. Studies of human and animal motion include measures from motion tracking systems, electrophysiology of muscle and brain activity, various methods for monitoring physiological function, and other behavioral and cognitive research techniques.
Medical device – A medical device is an instrument, apparatus, implant, in vitro reagent, or similar or related article that is used to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or other conditions, and does not achieve its purposes through chemical action within or on the body (which would make it a drug). Whereas medicinal products (also called pharmaceuticals) achieve their principal action by pharmacological, metabolic or immunological means, medical devices act by other means like physical, mechanical, or thermal means.
Medical imaging –
File:Structural MRI animation.ogvPlay media
Parasagittal MRI of the head, with aliasing artifacts (nose and forehead appear at the back of the head)
Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body (or parts and function thereof) for clinical purposes (medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose, or examine disease) or medical science (including the study of normal anatomy and physiology). Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are not usually referred to as medical imaging, but rather are a part of pathology. Examples of medical imaging include
X-rays
CT scans
Ultrasound
MRI scan
Medical social work – Medical social work is a sub-discipline of social work, also known as hospital social work. Medical social workers typically work in a hospital, skilled nursing facility or hospice, have a graduate degree in the field, and work with patients and their families in need of psychosocial help. Medical social workers assess the psychosocial functioning of patients and families and intervene as necessary. Interventions may include connecting patients and families to necessary resources and supports in the community; providing psychotherapy, supportive counselling, or grief counselling; or helping a patient to expand and strengthen their network of social supports.
Neuroethology – Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach study of animal behavior and the understanding of an animal's nervous system.
Optogenetics – Optogenetics is a neuromodulation technique employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors like Clomeleon, Mermaid, and SuperClomeleon.
Optometry – Optometry is a health care profession concerned with the health of the eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans.
Pharmacogenomics – Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the technology that analyses how genetic makeup affects an individual's response to drugs. It deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity.
Pharmaceutical sciences – The pharmaceutical sciences are a group of interdisciplinary areas of study concerned with the design, action, delivery, disposition, inorganic, physical, biochemical and analytical biology (anatomy and physiology, biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology), epidemiology, statistics, chemometrics, mathematics, physics, and chemical engineering, and applies their principles to the study of drugs.
Pharmacology –
A variety of topics involved with pharmacology, including neuropharmacology, renal pharmacology, human metabolism, intracellular metabolism, and intracellular regulation
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.
Population dynamics – Population dynamics is the study of short-term and long-term changes in the size and age composition of populations, and the biological and environmental processes influencing those changes. Population dynamics deals with the way populations are affected by birth and death rates, and by immigration and emigration, and studies topics such as ageing populations or population decline.
Proteomics – Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. The proteome is the entire set of proteins, produced or modified by an organism or system. This varies with time and distinct requirements, or stresses, that a cell or organism undergoes.
Psychiatric social work – Psychiatric social work is one of the oldest mental health professions. Workers provide mental health services to the community, including psychotherapy and diagnosing mental illness.
Psychology – academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors.Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.
Sports science – studies the application of treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports medicine. The study of sport science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology, psychology, and biomechanics but also includes other topics such as nutrition and diet.
Biocomputers – biocomputers use systems of biologically derived molecules, such as DNA and proteins, to perform computational calculations involving storing, retrieving, and processing data. The development of biocomputers has been made possible by the expanding new science of nanobiotechnology.
Biocontrol –
Encarsia formosa was one of the first biological control agents developed.
bioeffector-method of controlling pests (including insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases) using other living organisms.
Biodynamics – method of organic farming originally developed by Rudolf Steiner that employs what proponents describe as "a holistic understanding of agricultural processes". One of the first sustainable agriculture movements,
Bioelectronics – the electrical state of biological matter significantly affects its structure and function, compare for instance the membrane potential, the signal transduction by neurons, the isoelectric point (IEP) and so on. Micro- and nano-electronic components and devices have increasingly been combined with biological systems like medical implants, biosensors, lab-on-chip devices etc. causing the emergence of this new scientific field.
Bioinformatics – interdisciplinary scientific field that develops methods for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing biological data. A major activity in bioinformatics is to develop software tools to generate useful biological knowledge.
Biomaterials – any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological systems. As a science, biomaterials is about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science.
Biomedical science – healthcare science, also known as biomedical science, is a set of applied sciences applying portions of natural science or formal science, or both, to develop knowledge, interventions, or technology of use in healthcare or public health. Such disciplines as medical microbiology, clinical virology, clinical epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, and biomedical engineering are medical sciences. Explaining physiological mechanisms operating in pathological processes, however, pathophysiology can be regarded as basic science.
Biomedicine – branch of medical science that applies biological and other natural-science principles to clinical practice. Biomedicine is related to the ability of humans to cope with environmental stress. The branch especially applies to biology and physiology.
Biomonitoring – measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds, elements, or their metabolites, in biological substances. Often, these measurements are done in blood and urine.
Biopolymer – polymers produced by living organisms; in other words, they are polymeric biomolecules. Since they are polymers, biopolymers contain monomeric units that are covalently bonded to form larger structures. There are three main classes of biopolymers, classified according to the monomeric units used and the structure of the biopolymer formed: polynucleotides (RNA and DNA), which are long polymers composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers; polypeptides, which are short polymers of amino acids; and polysaccharides, which are often linear bonded polymeric carbohydrate structures.
Cognitive neuroscience – academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.
Computational neuroscience – study of brain function in terms of the information processing properties of the structures that make up the nervous system. It is an interdisciplinary science that links the diverse fields of neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychology with electrical engineering, computer science, mathematics, and physics.
Environmental science – multidisciplinary academic field that integrates physical and biological sciences, (including but not limited to ecology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science, and geography) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
Food science – applied science devoted to the study of food. Activities of food scientists include the development of new food products, design of processes to produce and conserve these foods, choice of packaging materials, shelf-life studies, study of the effects of food on the human body, sensory evaluation of products using panels or potential consumers, as well as microbiological, physical (texture and rheology) and chemical testing.
Genomics – applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes (the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism). The field includes efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research. Research of single genes does not fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genome's networks.
Health sciences – The health sciences are a key branch of the life sciences, comprising all divisions of medicine and medical sciences.
Immunogenetics – Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of medical research that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. Autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are complex genetic traits which result from defects in the immune system. Identification of genes defining the immune defects may identify new target genes for therapeutic approaches. Alternatively, genetic variations can also help to define the immunological pathway leading to disease.
Immunotherapy – Immunotherapy is a medical term defined as the "treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response". Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies.
Kinesiology – Kinesiology, also known as human kinetics, is the scientific study of human movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, mechanical, and psychological mechanisms. Applications of kinesiology to human health include: biomechanics and orthopedics; strength and conditioning; sport psychology; methods of rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy; and sport and exercise. Individuals who have earned degrees in kinesiology can work in research, the fitness industry, clinical settings, and in industrial environments. Studies of human and animal motion include measures from motion tracking systems, electrophysiology of muscle and brain activity, various methods for monitoring physiological function, and other behavioral and cognitive research techniques.
Medical device – A medical device is an instrument, apparatus, implant, in vitro reagent, or similar or related article that is used to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or other conditions, and does not achieve its purposes through chemical action within or on the body (which would make it a drug). Whereas medicinal products (also called pharmaceuticals) achieve their principal action by pharmacological, metabolic or immunological means, medical devices act by other means like physical, mechanical, or thermal means.
Medical imaging –
File:Structural MRI animation.ogvPlay media
Parasagittal MRI of the head, with aliasing artifacts (nose and forehead appear at the back of the head)
Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body (or parts and function thereof) for clinical purposes (medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose, or examine disease) or medical science (including the study of normal anatomy and physiology). Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are not usually referred to as medical imaging, but rather are a part of pathology. Examples of medical imaging include
X-rays
CT scans
Ultrasound
MRI scan
Medical social work – Medical social work is a sub-discipline of social work, also known as hospital social work. Medical social workers typically work in a hospital, skilled nursing facility or hospice, have a graduate degree in the field, and work with patients and their families in need of psychosocial help. Medical social workers assess the psychosocial functioning of patients and families and intervene as necessary. Interventions may include connecting patients and families to necessary resources and supports in the community; providing psychotherapy, supportive counselling, or grief counselling; or helping a patient to expand and strengthen their network of social supports.
Neuroethology – Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach study of animal behavior and the understanding of an animal's nervous system.
Optogenetics – Optogenetics is a neuromodulation technique employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors like Clomeleon, Mermaid, and SuperClomeleon.
Optometry – Optometry is a health care profession concerned with the health of the eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans.
Pharmacogenomics – Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the technology that analyses how genetic makeup affects an individual's response to drugs. It deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity.
Pharmaceutical sciences – The pharmaceutical sciences are a group of interdisciplinary areas of study concerned with the design, action, delivery, disposition, inorganic, physical, biochemical and analytical biology (anatomy and physiology, biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology), epidemiology, statistics, chemometrics, mathematics, physics, and chemical engineering, and applies their principles to the study of drugs.
Pharmacology –
A variety of topics involved with pharmacology, including neuropharmacology, renal pharmacology, human metabolism, intracellular metabolism, and intracellular regulation
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.
Population dynamics – Population dynamics is the study of short-term and long-term changes in the size and age composition of populations, and the biological and environmental processes influencing those changes. Population dynamics deals with the way populations are affected by birth and death rates, and by immigration and emigration, and studies topics such as ageing populations or population decline.
Proteomics – Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. The proteome is the entire set of proteins, produced or modified by an organism or system. This varies with time and distinct requirements, or stresses, that a cell or organism undergoes.
Psychiatric social work – Psychiatric social work is one of the oldest mental health professions. Workers provide mental health services to the community, including psychotherapy and diagnosing mental illness.
Psychology – academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors.Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist.
Sports science – studies the application of treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports medicine. The study of sport science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology, psychology, and biomechanics but also includes other topics such as nutrition and diet.
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